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Thursday, 14 April 2011

Leyendecker, Kuppenheimer, Arrow... and Beach

Posted on 11:14 by Unknown
By Roger T. Reed

By 1910, J.C. had landed two advertising accounts that would set the shape of his career even more than magazine covers: Kuppenheimer Clothes and Arrow Collar.

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Couture was important to J.C., and he had been producing a stream of fashion advertising since 1898.

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Kuppenheimer and Arrow, however, were top brands with big budgets, and they commissioned hundreds of advertising paintings from him.

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He began the Kuppenheimer campaign with a parade of men in suits...

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... but then began to incorporate the nice suits into plausible scenes of carefree young men, emphasizing collegiate sports.

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By evoking a youthful, virile atmosphere, J.C. built the foundation for today's advertising - the selling of lifestyle.

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For Arrow, he forged a different identity, focusing not on the collars, but on the faces they framed.

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It was these mostly young, clean-shaven, preppy and patrician men that sold collars and inspired thousands of romantic inquiries from women that the Arrow Collar company suddenly found themselves fielding.

The Depression finally ended these campaigns...

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... but not before Leyendecker had produced his most stunning pictures: a series for Arrow with black backgrounds that are among the most elegant and seductive graphic designs in history.

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The most important Arrow man was Charles Beach, who was tall, handsome and as socially confident as J.C. was shy. Beach posed for dozens of paintings.

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J.C. also needed a companion who could be his agent, publicist and manager and even his public face.

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There is every indication that this relationship, which lasted from 1903 to the end of his life, freed him up to do the huge amount of work he accomplished.

* Concluded tomorrow.

* The text of today's post is excerpted from the brochure of the November '97 - May '98 J.C. Leyendecker Exhibit at the Norman Rockwell Museum and is © Roger T. Reed
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Tuesday, 12 April 2011

The Rockwell/Leyendecker Lecture Wrap-Up

Posted on 11:30 by Unknown
I wish I were in a position to drop everything and fly off to take in something like last Sunday's lecture at the Norman Rockwell Museum. Ah well...

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But since most of us can't always attend these excellent events, at least the Internet make it possible to get a taste of them! Joyce K. Schiller, Ph.D., the curator of the Rockwell Center for American Visual Studies sent a note today summing up Dr. Jennifer Greenhill's Sunday lecture.

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Joyce wrote, "Jennifer Greenhill's lecture on Sunday was terrific. The material was well-researched and the push-pull, give and take between the two artists was stimulating. With careful comparisons, it was easy to see Dr. Greenhill's premise: Leyendecker's style was rooted in its compositional elements and more decorative in nature;"

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"Rockwell's was focused on telling a recognizable story for the broad American audience."

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"Leyendecker's approach was clearly more in tune with the early Saturday Evening Post..."

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"... and Rockwell's focused on the more contemporary American public. We had an enthusiastic audience so all in all it was an enjoyable day."

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Joyce continues, "I hope that Dr. Greenhill will use the lecture presented at Norman Rockwell Museum as the foundation of a published article or even a future book on American illustration art, which is what we hope will evolve from the work done for and under the auspices of the Rockwell Center."

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She concludes, "Dr. Greenhill's lecture is just the first of a yearly three-part series. These will be comprised of a lecture by a new young scholar; a lecture by a contemporary illustrator; and a lecture by an illustration blogger. Through this series, the Rockwell Center hopes to appeal to and address issues of interest to a broad sweep of people interested in and dedicated to American illustration art."

Check out The Rockwell Center and see what's happening in the field of American illustration art.

* Many thanks to Bill Wray for providing the Leyendecker scans in today's post!

The Rockwell scans in today's post are courtesy of the Norman Rockwell Museum:

"Freedom from Fear," Norman Rockwell. 1943. Oil on canvas Story illustration for The Saturday Evening Post, March 13, 1943 From the permanent collection of Norman Rockwell Museum ©1943 SEPS: Licensed by Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN (S569)

"Family Tree," Norman Rockwell, 1959 Oil on canvas, 46” x 42” Cover illustration for The Saturday Evening Post, October 24, 1959 Norman Rockwell Art Collection Trust, NRACT.1973.7 ©1959 SEPS: Licensed by Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN
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Monday, 11 April 2011

Norman Rockwell and "the great J.C. Leyendecker."

Posted on 09:28 by Unknown
Norman Rockwell referred to him as "the great J.C. Leyendecker."

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Speaking about his idol in a December 7, 1997 article in the Springfield Republican, Rockwell said, “I began working for ‘The Saturday Evening Post’ in 1916 and Leyendecker was my god. I actually used to, unbeknownst to him, follow him down the streets of New Rochelle, just to be close to him.”

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In Rockwell's autobiography, "My Adventures as an Illustrator," he acknowledges Leyendecker's influence and inspiration and devotes a chapter, "The Mansion on Mount Tom Road" to Leyendecker. He tells of their first social evening when J.C. and his brother Frank were invited to the Rockwell's home for dinner. Rockwell hired a cook to prepare a Thanksgiving dinner in July, complete with turkey and trimmings.

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After a very awkward beginning of the evening, they were called in to dinner. When the cook came through the kitchen door with the turkey, she slipped on the edge of the rug and the turkey rolled under the table. Rockwell crawled under the table from one side and Leyendecker from the other. They met over the turkey which was lying on its side with stuffing gushing from its breast. "That smells good," Leyendecker said as he tasted the stuffing with his finger. When the turkey was put on another platter and dinner was served, the conversation and laughter flowed and the artists became fast friends and remained friends for over twenty-five years.

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J.C. Leyendecker created 319 covers for The Saturday Evening Post. From 1903 to 1943, as one of the top cover artists, he was commissioned to do holiday issue covers including Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Years, Valentine's Day, July 4th and the forerunner of President's Day. He employed the Pilgrim and the turkey to signify Thanksgiving, Uncle Sam for July 4th and, in 1906, created the icon of the new-born baby as an emblem of the New Year. This became his own trademark.

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Although his illlustrations appeared regularly in national magazines, it was his commercial work that established him most rapidly as one of the most sought-after illustrators of the day. The "Arrow Collar Man" became an overnight sensation and generated fan mail by the ton.

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By evoking a youthful virile atmosphere, Leyendecker pioneered the advertising dictum that it is the lifestyle that sells. He established the prototype of the stylish American Male promoting fashions by B. Kuppenheimer, Hart Schaffner & Marx, and Interwoven Socks.

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Born in Montabaur, Germany, J.C. Leyendecker emigrated to Chicago with his family in 1882 when he was eight. His career began in 1896, when he won first place in The Century cover competition and a commission to design a year's worth of monthly covers for The Inland Printer. Famed illustrator Maxfield Parrish won second prize in that same competition. With his prize money and savings, he and his younger brother Francis Xavier decided to study in Paris, where they remained over one year.

Around this time, the brothers developed a credo which was as effective in compelling them to produce their best work on time. "Buy more than you can afford...If every day you have to save yourself from ruin, every day you'll work." When they were young and successful, this credo could he a fun game, a kind of race for each to outdo himself and the other.

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They made and spent large sums of money, dwarfing the previous income benchmarks for an illustrator. The culmination was the building of a chateau in New Rochelle with a separate wing for each studio.

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Frank was an excellent artist in his own right and executed a spectacular series of monthly covers for Collier's Weekly magazine from 1902 to 1905. At this point, he was the higher-profile of the two brothers.

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However, the competition between the brothers caused Frank to work at a killing pace, and Joe, a formidable pacer, soon outshone Frank. Eventually the same bond that held the brothers together split them apart.

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If Leyendecker's stature as an illustrator is invulnerable, the few known details of his life stand in stark contrast to his self-spun myth of artist-as-superman. In person, he was very shy and spoke with a stutter. Moreover, he was homosexual in an era when exposure meant ruin. He lived as a virtual recluse, locked in struggles of power and love in an ivory tower, and driven by impossible goals, leading to tragedy.

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* Today's text is courtesy of the Norman Rockwell Museum, and is modified from Roger T. Reed's catalogue text from the 1997-98 Leyendecker Retrospective show.

The Norman Rockwell painting in today's post is "Freedom from Want," 1943. Oil on canvas, 45 ¾ x 35 ½" Story illustration for The Saturday Evening Post, March 6, 1943 ©1943 SEPS: Licensed by Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN From the permanent collection of Norman Rockwell Museum

The Saturday Evening Post covers by JC Leyendecker in today's post are © Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN

* The Frank Leyendecker Collier's cover in today's post is from the Flickr collection of James Blah.
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Thursday, 7 April 2011

Imperiled Illustrators: J.C. Leyendecker, Norman Rockwell, and the War at “The Saturday Evening Post”

Posted on 04:33 by Unknown
The Norman Rockwell Museum has asked TI to help spread the word about what sounds like a terrific lecture they'll be presenting this Sunday (April 10th).

From their press release:

As a young artist, Norman Rockwell greatly admired the work and celebrity of illustrator Joe Christian Leyendecker (1874-1951), who had become a household name during the early twentieth century.

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Known for his stylized illustrations for such leading periodicals as “The Saturday Evening Post” (over 300 covers, including his annual New Year Baby series); and such advertising campaigns as the debonair Arrow Collar Man, J.C. Leyendecker’s career was exactly what Rockwell dreamed of. In 1913, Rockwell relocated to the artist-rich community of New Rochelle, New York, and found himself a neighbor and eventual friend to his art school idol. Ironically, as the years progressed, Rockwell’s own artwork gained in popularity as Leyendecker’s star faded; “Joe had been the most famous illustrator in America,” wrote Rockwell in his autobiography. “Then the Post had dropped him; the advertising agencies had dropped him; the public had forgotten him. He had died in obscurity. It might happen to me.”

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As part of its new Rockwell Center Lecture Series, Norman Rockwell Museum will present “Imperiled Illustrators: J.C. Leyendecker, Norman Rockwell, and the War at ‘The Saturday Evening Post’,” on Sunday, April 10, starting at 11 a.m. Dr. Jennifer A. Greenhill*, Assistant Professor of Art History at The University of Illinois in Champaign, will examine the moment acclaimed illustrator J.C. Leyendecker left “The Saturday Evening Post,” and Norman Rockwell took over as the magazine’s star illustrator.

The tenor of publishing during World War II, different approaches to “surface” in illustration, and the challenges that abstraction posed for artists working realistically will be explored.

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After the program, a brunch will be served in Linwood House, the Museum’s 1859 Berkshire cottage. Cost to attend the lecture is $25, $20 for Museum members. Pre-registration recommended by calling 413.298.4100, ext. 260, or e-mail: mgeorgeson[at]nrm[dot]org.

More information at nrm.org

* Dr. Jennifer A. Greenhill is an Assistant Professor of Art History at The University of Illinois in Champaign. She is currently on a nine month Barbara Thom Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Huntington Library in California. Dr. Greenhill specializes in nineteenth century American visual and material culture, and also publishes on American literature and on twentieth century topics. Dr. Greenhill holds a B.A. from The University of California at Los Angeles, and an M.A. from Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts. She was awarded her Ph.D. from Yale University and her dissertation was titled, “The Plague of Jocularity: Contesting Humor in American Art and Culture, 1863-93.”

Credits for the images in today's post:

Top: Art Critic, Norman Rockwell, 1955 Oil on canvas, 39 ½" x 36 ¼" Cover illustration for The Saturday Evening Post, April 16, 1955 Norman Rockwell Museum Collection, NRM.1998.4 ©1955 SEPS: Licensed by Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN

Middle: Artist Facing Blank Canvas, Norman Rockwell, 1938 Oil on canvas, 38 ½" x 30 ½" Cover illustration for The Saturday Evening Post, October 8, 1938 Inscribed “To my good friends Jorj and Ben Harris” Norman Rockwell Art Collection Trust, 1973.4 ©1938 SEPS: Licensed by Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN

Bottom: Rosie the Riveter, Norman Rockwell. 1943. Private collection. ©1943 SEPS: Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN.
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Wednesday, 6 April 2011

Guess Who Dunnit? Part 4

Posted on 04:40 by Unknown
David Roach shares one last batch of paperback covers by unknown illustrators.

I’ve just retrieved a few choice items from my studio so here are the last few items- as if you didn’t have enough already.

These two are a little different because they’re signed, but they still seem to ask a few questions. Wildfire Encounter has what looks like a backwards signature (clearly the image was flipped for publication) and I don’t know if it’s my imagination but it looks like "Bowler" to me - Joe Bowler! Could Bowler have gone into Romance covers? I’m not entirely convinced it looks like his style... but the '60s was a decade of constant stylistic experimentation so I guess it could be him.

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Corridor Of Whispers would seem to signed "Schridde' - which would be Charles Schridde of the famous Motorola ads series (though clearly he’s wandering into different territory here). There’s no mention on any websites I’ve seen of Schridde painting book covers but as a jobbing artist back then I guess you would take on whatever raised its head. The book dates from 1965 which would make it one of the first examples of the genre.

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Yet more Romances - in case you hadn’t had enough.

Pacific Pretence is one of my favourites with a surprisingly undemonstrative tryst which might be the work of the UK’s Cecil Vieweg or, perhaps more likely, from an American artist. The draughtsmanship here is of the very highest quality.

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The Romance of Emva has a nicely loose, breezy style which is in marked contrast to the more polished, florid paintings from the likes of Elaine Duillo or Pino Daeni which came to dominate the genre. It is helpfully signed but I can’t make it out unfortunately.

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The last two - honestly.

A couple of late '50s covers here which could be from Italian, Spanish or American artists, I honestly can’t tell.

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Moonlight Magic is particularly nice with a degree of polish that you don’t usually see in the cheaper end of the market.

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That’s the lot of my most pressing queries! I wonder how many will be identified, plus, more than that, I wonder how many will be identified by the artists themselves of their families- now there’s a thought!
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Tuesday, 5 April 2011

Guess Who Dunnit? Part 3

Posted on 08:46 by Unknown
More paperback cover art mysteries from David Roach

Here’s the star of my next batch of unknown covers for you. Both late 50s Corgi books, both almost certainly US reprints and both rather lovely. The Pastures Of Heaven looks exactly like Ben Stahl to me... but did he paint paperback covers? (Yes, see some examples here ~ Leif)

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* Addendum: Ben Stahl confirmed here.

The other one could be one of many great '50s artists working in the shadow of James Avati, though here the quality of drawing underneath the paints is absolutely top notch.

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There couldn’t be more of a contrast here! Montana Fury is gorgeous and I’d swear it was Robert McGinnis except it doesn’t appear on the list in his paperback books so I guess it could be someone like Ron Lesser instead.

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Actually it’s one of those strange situations where I’m more certain of the model who in this case is obviously Steve Holland, best known as James Bama’s model for Doc Savage.

The other cover is a classic piece of sleeze but with an unusually comic-styled cover. The question is; why does he look so anguished?

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This time we have 2 panther books from 59-61, both almost certainly US cover reprints...

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* Addendum:  Interesting variation of this cover documented here.

... and both rather wonderful.

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The Nevil Shute cover is from an early '70s series all painted by the same artist, with trademark white backgrounds. The only name that’s been suggested to me is the marine artist Chris Mayger which seems a little left – field since he rarely, if ever, painted people. I like the combination of quite bold colours with some quite rough black pencil on top.

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The Matt Helm cover is one of those glorious Bond-esque montage shots with hero, villain, action and sexy girls- what’s not to like? There’s something about the painting which vaguely reminds me of Sanford Kossin - albeit it a much more tightly controlled Kossin.

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* Still more mystery artists to come!
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Monday, 4 April 2011

Guess Who Dunnit? Part 2

Posted on 11:45 by Unknown
Thanks for all the great suggestions on our last post. The thought struck many people that those Star Romance covers would most likely be by Spanish or Italian artists (who were doing quite a lot of cover and interior magazine illustration in the UK at the time through various agents). Personally, I wondered if some might not be by Canadian illustrators, since I'm aware of several who were selling second printing rights to UK publishers. Will Davies, Tom McNeely, Fred Oakley, and Jerry Sevier, just to name a few, were all doing this type of work at the time and actively reselling it in England.

But let's see what David Roach has for us today...

The first of my paperbacks. Murderers Fen might be a British artist called Pat Owen, but it’s quite rough and ready by his standards. Personally I love the vigorous brush strokes and general wild abandon of the painting.

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The Sexton Blake cover is probably a reused US cover with a very striking composition. It’s effectively a very dynamic set of stairs with a few people framed in at the top - but I think it works.

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Now these 2 are a complete mystery. Starship Troopers is probably a British or Italian artist since NEL rarely used US material.

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Charlie Gallagher on the other hand is most probably a US reprint though no names are jumping out at me.

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This Mills & Boon romance cover might, just might, be by Betty Maxey... but that’s a bit of a long shot.

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David Larkin who was AD at Panther at the time ('60s) reckons The Island was painted by Michael Johnson - but Johnson has vehemently denied this and, let’s face it, he should know. Art could be a Brit or an American, but whoever it is I think it’s a very striking cover.

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More to come!
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